Admiralty & maritime expert witness Henry S. Woods, III has this to say on causation of maritime accidents:
Maritime accidents of all stripes – great and small – occur in a wide range of circumstances and conditions. The common thread that is usually found in the proper investigation and analysis of these accidents is not a sudden or mysterious failure of a system or item of equipment. Nor is it the lack of a properly functioning system or item of equipment. With the exception of product/vessel defects, the common cause of most maritime accidents are aspects of human error and human factors. The most crucial of these are:
maintaining a proper lookout,