In Interventional Cardiology Expert Witnesses: Essentials for Attorneys, Dr. Burton Bentley writes that “given the widespread prevalence of heart disease in the US population, issues related to cardiology occur in countless medical negligence cases. Consequently, in the realm of medical expert witnesses, the Interventional Cardiology expert witness is King.”
Interventional Cardiology is a subspecialty of cardiology relying upon highly specialized cardiac procedures to diagnose and treat coronary artery disease. Cardiologists who employ these techniques to intervene in the course of coronary artery disease are known as Interventional Cardiologists. Since Interventional Cardiologists have expertise in both the diagnosis and interventional treatment of cardiac disease, issues addressed by Interventional Cardiology expert witnesses may focus on standard of care, breach, and/or harm. Interventional Cardiology experts also opine upon standard practices involving billing, compliance, resource utilization, and observation v. admission status.
Standards of care relate to the principles, practice, and procedures of Interventional Cardiology. The most frequent Interventional Cardiology procedure is angioplasty, also known as Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, or PCI. During PCI, an Interventional Cardiologist inserts a catheter into an artery and then threads the catheter to the level of the heart. The target artery is one or more coronary arteries perfusing the heart. The Interventional Cardiologist monitors the location of the catheter by injecting dye and viewing real-time images during the procedure. When a coronary artery is determined to have significant narrowing due to atherosclerosis (plaque), the Interventional Cardiologist will perform an “angioplasty”, literally reshaping the interior of the blood vessel. The angioplasty catheter uses a tiny balloon to press plaque against the luminal walls of the artery, effectively opening the internal diameter and improving blood flow. In 70% of angioplasty procedures, the Interventional Cardiologist will also deploy a stent. Stents are tiny metal tubes that remain in place to permanently reinforce the artery wall.